A Review on Software Architecture Documentation in Agile Development

With the growing development of world every software product demands extra features to compete with competitors. To solve this problem, we have required Agile with defined and clear architecture to avoid the failure of project. But you do not know how it is possible and how we can stable our architecture and Agile model…? To ease the solution of problem we divided our product development models into two sections. 1. Traditional Models and 2. Agile Models The traditionally models are highly time consuming with dense documentation as compared to agile with frivolous documentation and intercommunications to satisfy customer. There are different methodologies available for starting products and complex systems development consisting the simple requirement with well-structured architecture objects. But we choose the agile process to make our architecture slim and least documentation which can easily review, update and conversate. There are also problems in our documentation and architecture design but we propose solutions with problems for the easiness of reader. We also propose different solutions in documentation problems

Single nucleotide polymorphism and phylogenetic analysis of the exon 2 of leptin gene in Lohi sheep

Background: Leptin hormone, encoded by leptin (LEP) gene is involved in many biological and physiological processes in the body. Polymorphism in LEP gene has been observed and correlated with a variety of reproductive and productive traits in several sheep breeds worldwide, but its role has not been much studied in local sheep breeds of Pakistan. The present study was conducted to analyze polymorphism in LEP gene in Lohi breed of sheep.Methods: Subsequent to statistical analysis (generalized linear model), 18 animals were selected randomly from the flock for blood samples collection followed by DNA extraction, amplification using PCR prior to sequencing. The amplified product of exon 2 and partial intron 2 regions of LEP gene was 268bp.Results: Molecular analysis showed a heterozygous condition i.e. C>Y at position 15 and 18 in exon 2. The data on average daily weight gain (ADG) from birthday to 90 days were used for association study, while environmental effects were minimized by means of generalized linear model. Association of polymorphisms in LEP gene with ADG did not yield any significant results.Conclusion: In conclusion, analysis of LEP gene sequence verified the existence of genetic changes in Lohi sheep. Further investigations are needed to find variations that might be linked with traits of economic importance for upcoming breeding program sand marker-assisted selection.Keywords: DNA; Exon 2; LEP; PCR; Loh

Carrot and Stick Approach: The Exploitative Leadership and Absenteeism in Education Sector

Utilizing the conservation of resources theory, this study investigates serial mediation of facades of conformity and depression between exploitative leadership and absenteeism. A total of 211 education sector employees using the convenient sampling technique took part in the survey with data collected in a time-lagged research design. Findings of the study reveal that facades of conformity and depression mediate the independent paths and play a serial mediating role between EL and absenteeism path. This study suggests that EL works as a workplace stressor, under which employees try to protect their valuable resources from further loss in the form of facades of conformity, in doing so, it leads to depression; thus, employees ultimately use absenteeism as an active coping strategy to cope with workplace stressors

Identification of sex from footprint dimensions using machine learning: a study on population of Punjab in Pakistan

Abstract Background Likewise the fingerprints and palm prints, footprints are also helpful in solving a crime puzzle; however, very few studies have been reported targeting the identification of sex-based upon footprint features. Therefore, the present study aims at the identification of sex using footprint features from the population of Punjab, Pakistan. The foot measurements, i.e., toe length ratio, individual toe lengths, foot breadth, and foot index, are used as features for the identification of sex. Footprint samples were collected from 280 volunteers (142 males and 138 females) from all over Punjab (age range 18–50 years). A sex identification method is proposed in this study employing various machine learning algorithms, i.e., Naïve Bayes, J48, Random Forest, Random Tree, and REP Tree, and compared them. Results The designed model was cross-validated using 10-fold cross-validation. The results demonstrated the varying accuracy of the machine learning algorithms, using different combinations of footprint features. However, the Naïve Bayes algorithm demonstrated an accuracy of 87.8%, for sex identification, using the combination of toe length and foot indexes. Conclusions It is concluded that by using a combination of toe length and foot indexes and employing the Naïve Bayes algorithm, sex can be identified more accurately as compared to the other methods

Optimized Small Waterbird Detection Method Using Surveillance Videos Based on YOLOv7

Waterbird monitoring is the foundation of conservation and management strategies in almost all types of wetland ecosystems. China’s improved wetland protection infrastructure, which includes remote devices for the collection of larger quantities of acoustic and visual data on wildlife species, increased the need for data filtration and analysis techniques. Object detection based on deep learning has emerged as a basic solution for big data analysis that has been tested in several application fields. However, these deep learning techniques have not yet been tested for small waterbird detection from real-time surveillance videos, which can address the challenge of waterbird monitoring in real time. We propose an improved detection method by adding an extra prediction head, SimAM attention module, and sequential frame to YOLOv7, termed as YOLOv7-waterbird, for real-time video surveillance devices to identify attention regions and perform waterbird monitoring tasks. With the Waterbird Dataset, the mean average precision (mAP) value of YOLOv7-waterbird was 67.3%, which was approximately 5% higher than that of the baseline model. Furthermore, the improved method achieved a recall of 87.9% (precision = 85%) and 79.1% for small waterbirds (defined as pixels less than 40 × 40), suggesting a better performance for small object detection than the original method. This algorithm could be used by the administration of protected areas or other groups to monitor waterbirds with higher accuracy using existing surveillance cameras and can aid in wildlife conservation to some extent

Low-field magnetic resonance imaging in a boy with intracranial bolt after severe traumatic brain injury: Illustrative case

Background: Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) is sensitive to motion and ferromagnetic material, leading to suboptimal images and image artifacts. In many patients with neurological injuries, an intracranial bolt (ICB) is placed for monitoring intracranial pressure (ICP). Repeated imaging (computed tomography [CT] or cMRI) is frequently required to guide management. A low-field (0.064-T) portable magnetic resonance imaging (pMRI) machine may provide images in situations that were previously considered contraindications for cMRI.Observations: A 10-year-old boy with severe traumatic brain injury was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit, and an ICB was placed. Initial head CT showed a left-sided intraparenchymal hemorrhage with intraventricular dissection and cerebral edema with mass effect. Repeated imaging was required to assess the brain structure because of continually fluctuating ICP. Transferring the patient to the radiology suite was risky because of his critical condition and the presence of an ICB; hence, pMRI was performed at the bedside. Images obtained were of excellent quality without any ICB artifact, guiding the decision to continue to manage the patient conservatively. The child later improved and was discharged from the hospital.Lessons: pMRI can be used to obtain excellent images at the bedside in patients with an ICB, providing useful information for better management of patients with neurological injuries

Assessment and simulation of land use and land cover change impacts on the land surface temperature of Chaoyang District in Beijing, China

Rapid urbanization is changing the existing patterns of land use land cover (LULC) globally, which is consequently increasing the land surface temperature (LST) in many regions. The present study is focused on estimating current and simulating future LULC and LST trends in the urban environment of Chaoyang District, Beijing. Past patterns of LULC and LST were identified through the maximum likelihood classification (MLC) method and multispectral Landsat satellite images during the 1990–2018 data period. The cellular automata (CA) and stochastic transition matrix of the Markov model were applied to simulate future (2025) LULC and LST changes, respectively, using their past patterns. The CA model was validated for the simulated and estimated LULC for 1990–2018, with an overall Kappa (K) value of 0.83, using validation modules in IDRISI software. Our results indicated that the cumulative changes in built-up to vegetation area were 74.61 km2 (16.08%) and 113.13 km2 (24.38%) from 1990 to 2018. The correlation coefficient of land use and land cover change (LULCC), including vegetation, water bodies and built-up area, had values of r =  − 0.155 (p > 0.005), −0.809 (p = 0.000), and 0.519 (p > 0.005), respectively. The results of future analysis revealed that there will be an estimated 164.92 km2 (−12%) decrease in vegetation area, while an expansion of approximately 283.04 km2 (6% change) will occur in built-up areas from 1990 to 2025. This decrease in vegetation cover and expansion of settlements would likely cause a rise of approximately ∼10.74 °C and ∼12.66 °C in future temperature, which would cause a rise in temperature (2025). The analyses could open an avenue regarding how to manage urban land cover patterns to enhance the resilience of cities to climate warming. This study provides scientific insights for environmental development and sustainability through efficient and effective urban planning and management in Beijing and will also help strengthen other research related to the UHI phenomenon in other parts of the world

Damage Characteristics of Thermally Deteriorated Carbonate Rocks: A Review

This review paper summarizes the recent and past experimental findings to evaluate the damage characteristics of carbonate rocks subjected to thermal treatment (20–1500 °C). The outcomes of published studies show that the degree of thermal damage in the post-heated carbonate rocks is attributed to their rock fabric, microstructural patterns, mineral composition, texture, grain cementations, particle orientations, and grain contact surface area. The expressive variations in the engineering properties of these rocks subjected to the temperature (>500 °C) are the results of chemical processes (hydration, dehydration, deionization, melting, mineral phase transformation, etc.), intercrystalline and intergranular thermal cracking, the separation between cemented particles, removal of bonding agents, and internal defects. Thermally deteriorated carbonate rocks experience a significant reduction in their fracture toughness, static–dynamic strength, static–dynamic elastic moduli, wave velocities, and thermal transport properties, whereas their porous network properties appreciate with the temperature. The stress–strain curves illustrate that post-heated carbonate rocks show brittleness below a temperature of 400 °C, brittle–ductile transformation at a temperature range of 400 to 500 °C, and ductile behavior beyond this critical temperature. The aspects discussed in this review comprehensively describe the damage mechanism of thermally exploited carbonate rocks that can be used as a reference in rock mass classification, sub-surface investigation, and geotechnical site characterization